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MATHEMATICAL LITERACY · GRADE 12

Exam Revision: paper by paper through the DBE format, from the Level 1 Question 1 to the Level 4 reasoning questions, with marking codes, penalty traps and time management.
CAPS-aligned · Distinction-level Notes
Mathematical Literacy · Grade 12 · Exam Revision Date: TopJournal

Every distinction begins with one topic at a time.- start now

Paper 1 · Paper 2 · 300 marks · special answer book
BEFORE YOU DO A SINGLE CALCULATION · KNOW THE SHAPE EXAM FORMAT

Two papers, each 150 marks and each three hours long, 300 marks in total. There is no choice anywhere: every question is compulsory, so a skipped topic is a skipped mark. The most important thing on this page is not a calculation at all, it is a practical fact that catches learners out every single year: you write in a SPECIAL ANSWER BOOK, and the sources you work from sit in ANNEXURES that you have to unfold and lay out beside you yourself.

The paper tells you where the marks are before you have earned a single one. Read every question total in your first two minutes and you already know how long you are allowed to sit anywhere.- on exam planning

The two papers at a glance

PaperTopics and their weightingMarksTime
Paper 1Finance 60% (±5) ≈ 90 · Data handling 35% (±5) ≈ 53 · Probability 5% ≈ 71503 hours
Paper 2Measurement 55% (±5) ≈ 83 · Maps and plans 40% (±5) ≈ 60 · Probability 5% ≈ 71503 hours
Total300Two separate sittings

The weighting is PER PAPER, not across the full 300 marks. Any older list that says Finance is 35% of the subject is working off a retired model. Basic Skills carries no weighting of its own: interpreting and communicating, numbers and calculations, and patterns, relationships and representations are all assessed inside the five application topics, never as a separate question.

Why this matters: two thirds of your Paper 1 mark lives in Finance, and more than half of your Paper 2 mark lives in Measurement. If revision time is short, that is where it goes first, and Probability, at seven marks a paper, goes last.

⚡ MUST MEMORISE

P1 = 150 marks, 3 hours, Finance-heavy. P2 = 150 marks, 3 hours, Measurement-heavy. Probability carries only 5% in EACH paper, roughly 7 marks, and it usually appears embedded inside a bigger question rather than standing on its own.

Five questions per paper · the shape to expect

QuestionTypical marksWhat it isLevel
QUESTION 1±30Mixed short contexts drawn from the whole subject: a till slip, a tariff table, a small graph, a plan. Level 1 only.Level 1 only
QUESTION 2±30P1: the first big Finance question. P2: the first big Maps and plans or Measurement question.Levels 1 to 3
QUESTION 3±29P1: Data handling, or more Finance. P2: Measurement.Levels 1 to 3
QUESTION 4±31Integrated across topics. Unfamiliar contexts may start here.Levels 2 to 4
QUESTION 5±31Integrated, and the heaviest reasoning and reflecting in the paper.Levels 2 to 4

The official guideline permits four OR five questions, but five is current practice. The DBE 2025 model Paper 1 splits as 29, 30, 29, 31, 31. Do not memorise the exact totals, memorise the SHAPE: an easy opener, two middling questions, two heavy integrated closers.

⭐ EXAM FAVOURITE QUESTION 1 is roughly 30 marks that are EXCLUSIVELY Level 1. That is a fifth of the paper rewarding pure recall, single-step calculation and direct reading off a source. A learner who finishes that question neatly and completely is sitting on 20% before the real work starts.

The special answer book and the annexures

Three separate documents land on your desk, and learners meeting that arrangement for the first time in the actual exam waste minutes on it:

⚠️ COMMON MISTAKE Writing an answer on the question paper or on an annexure instead of in the answer book. Work on an annexure is not marked. Just as costly: a learner draws a graph on their own rough set of axes while the answer book already supplies a scaled set, and loses the axis marks for ignoring the given scale. Write your examination number on EVERY page of the answer book before you start.
💡 EASY MARK The printed tables in the answer book tell you how many steps the marker expects. Four open cells in a row means four answers, not three. Count the open spaces before you calculate, and you will know whether a sub-question is actually finished.

What you bring in and what the paper gives you

ItemStatusNote
Non-programmable calculatorAllowed and neededTest your percentage and memory keys long before the day. Bring a spare set of batteries.
Formula and reference sheetSuppliedPrinted at the back of the paper. It carries no marks itself, but it spares your memory: see Section 13.
Ruler and pencilAllowed and neededEssential for scale measurement on maps and plans in P2, and for neat graphs in P1.
Tax tables, tariffs, exchange ratesSupplied in the annexureYou do NOT memorise figures. You memorise the ROUTE through the table.
Graph paperAlready in the answer bookDo not draw your own set of axes when one is supplied.
🔥 FREQUENTLY TESTED Two cross-placements learners miss every year. First: Finance content can surface in PAPER 2 wherever there is a direct link to Measurement or Maps and plans, for example the cost of paint for an area you have just calculated. Second: growth charts are assessed in Paper 1 under DATA HANDLING, not under Measurement in P2. Never write a topic off because you think it "belongs" in the other paper.

How the time divides · the mark-per-minute rule

150 marks in 180 minutes gives you 1,2 minutes per mark. That is the only timing figure you have to remember. In practice, plan like this:

PhaseMinutesPurpose
Skim through and lay out annexures5See every question total, match every annexure to its question.
QUESTION 1 (Level 1, ±30)25Fast and complete. Do not fiddle here, but do not leave a sub-question out either.
QUESTIONS 2 and 3 (±59)70Routine procedures. Show every step.
QUESTIONS 4 and 5 (±62)70Multi-step work and reasoning. Write sentences where a sentence is asked for.
Checking10Units, rounding, money format, blank spaces.
ONE-MINUTE SUMMARY

Two papers of 150 marks and 3 hours each, 300 in total, with no choice. P1 is Finance-heavy (60/35/5), P2 is Measurement-heavy (55/40/5), and the weighting applies per paper. Five questions per paper is current practice, with QUESTION 1 roughly 30 marks of pure Level 1. You work from ANNEXURES and write everything into a thick SPECIAL ANSWER BOOK. Plan against 1,2 minutes per mark.

IN THE EXAM
  • Unfold the annexures and lay them out in question order before you do the first calculation.
  • Write nothing intended as an answer on the question paper or on an annexure.
  • Count the open cells in a printed table: they tell you how many answers are expected.
  • Take QUESTION 1 in 25 minutes, completely, because every mark there is a Level 1 mark.
  • Remember that Finance can appear in P2, and that growth charts sit in P1 Data handling.
Both papers · 30/30/20/20 · read the verb
THE FOUR LEVELS · HOW THE EXAMINER SPLITS THE MARKS TAXONOMY

Every mark in both papers was assigned to one of four cognitive levels before the paper was printed. The split is fixed and identical in P1 and P2. The moment you can read the verb in a sub-question, you know which level it is, how much writing is expected and how long you are allowed to sit there. This is the single fastest upgrade available to your exam technique.

What you must be able to do

The four levels and their weighting

LevelNameWeighting (±5)Marks out of 150What it asks
Level 1Knowing30%±45One step, direct reading off a source, recall of a familiar fact or formula.
Level 2Routine procedures in familiar contexts30%±45A familiar two- or three-step procedure in a context you have met before.
Level 3Multi-step procedures in a variety of contexts20%±30You choose the method yourself, combine topics and work through many steps.
Level 4Reasoning and reflecting20%±30Motivate, evaluate, criticise, give an opinion backed by evidence. Words, not just figures.

Level 1 plus Level 2 is 60% of every paper, roughly 90 marks. A learner who handles only those two levels reliably and nothing else already passes comfortably. Levels 3 and 4 are where a 70% learner separates from an 85% learner.

Why this matters: the verb is the instruction, the mark allocation is the length. Four marks never means a one-word answer, and one mark never deserves a paragraph. Underline both before you write anything.

⚡ MUST MEMORISE

30 / 30 / 20 / 20, each with a five percentage point tolerance, exactly the same in Paper 1 and Paper 2. Unfamiliar contexts may appear ONLY in Question 4 and Question 5. Questions 1 to 3 always work in contexts you have met in class.

Read the verb · the level-recognition table

Verb in the questionLevelWhat you must deliverTypical marks
Write down · Name · State · Identify · Read off · Convert (one step)1The answer on its own, with its unit. No working needed.1 to 2
Calculate (one familiar formula) · Complete the table · Determine the mean2Substitution, operation, answer with unit.2 to 4
Show that · Verify · Calculate (several steps, you choose the method)3Full step-by-step working that lands on the given answer.4 to 7
Explain · Motivate · Give a reason · Comment · Do you agree?4A sentence or two that uses a figure as evidence. Never a bare calculation.2 to 6
⭐ EXAM FAVOURITE "Show that ..." followed by the answer. The examiner hands you the final figure for free; the marks sit entirely in the steps that reach it. Write down every substitution. A learner who simply copies the given number back down scores zero, even though the number is correct.
⚠️ COMMON MISTAKE Answering a Level 4 question with a calculation. "Explain why the cheapest tariff is not necessarily the best choice" wants a sentence about the consumption point where the two tariffs cross, not a second sum. The reverse wastes just as much: answering a Level 1 question with a paragraph burns two minutes for one mark.

Worked example · one context, four levels

Own practice figures · Municipal water tariff, the Thabo household

Take a stepped water tariff I invented for practice: the first 6 kℓ costs R12,40 per kℓ, and every kℓ after that costs R21,80 per kℓ. Thabo's meter reading shows consumption of 19 kℓ for the month.

Level 1: Write down the unit price for the first 6 kℓ of water. Answer: R12,40 per kℓ. One mark, no working.

Level 2: Calculate the cost of the first 6 kℓ. 6 × R12,40 = R74,40. Two marks: the multiplication and the money format.

Level 3: Calculate Thabo's total bill, excluding VAT.
First block: 6 × R12,40 = R74,40
Remaining consumption: 19 kℓ − 6 kℓ = 13 kℓ
Second block: 13 × R21,80 = R283,40
Total: R74,40 + R283,40 = R357,80
Four to five marks, each line marked separately.

Level 4: Thabo says his water costs an average of R21,80 per kℓ because that is the tariff printed on his bill. Do you agree? Motivate.
Answer in words: No. His average cost is R357,80 ÷ 19 = R18,83 per kℓ, because the first 6 kℓ were charged at the lower rate. The R21,80 applies only to consumption above 6 kℓ. The marks sit in the opinion PLUS the figure that supports it.

💡 EASY MARK On a Level 4 question, start your sentence with a clear position every time: "Yes, because ..." or "No, because ...". The marker is looking for a position (code O or J) and then a reason (code R). An answer that hedges without committing loses both.

Where each level sits in the paper

QuestionDominant levelContext
QUESTION 1Level 1 onlyFamiliar, mixed short extracts
QUESTIONS 2 and 3Levels 1 and 2, with a little Level 3Familiar
QUESTIONS 4 and 5Levels 3 and 4Familiar OR unfamiliar: this is the only place an unfamiliar context is permitted

An unfamiliar context is not unfamiliar mathematics. It is a procedure you know well set in a situation you have not seen, for example a medicine dosage chart or a baggage volume limit. The calculation stays percentages, ratios, tariffs and measurement. Do not panic at the words; hunt for the familiar procedure.

🔥 FREQUENTLY TESTED Level 4 questions are by far the most under-prepared, and yet they are 30 marks in every paper, 60 marks across the exam. They come in fixed shapes: which option gives better value, is the claim in the advertisement valid, why is the mean misleading here, what would happen if the tariff rose by 8%. Practise the SHAPE, not the numbers.
🧠 ACTIVE RECALL
Which level carries 20% and is described as multi-step procedures in a variety of contexts?(1)
How many marks of a 150-mark paper come from Levels 1 and 2 together?(1)
In which questions may a completely unfamiliar context appear?(1)
A sub-question begins with "Motivate your answer". Which level is it?(1)
How does the level split of Paper 1 differ from that of Paper 2?(1)
On "Show that the total is R357,80", which part is marked?(1)
Explain in your own words how you decide, in twenty seconds, what kind of answer a sub-question needs.(3)
Thabo says his water costs an average of R21,80 per kilolitre. Do you agree? Motivate with a calculation.(4)
Explain to a Grade 8: why does "name the price" earn one mark but "motivate whether the price is fair" earn four?
ONE-MINUTE SUMMARY

Four levels, identical in both papers: Knowing 30%, Routine procedures in familiar contexts 30%, Multi-step procedures 20%, Reasoning and reflecting 20%, each with a five percentage point tolerance. The verb gives away the level: name and read off are Level 1; calculate with a familiar formula is Level 2; show that and multi-step calculations are Level 3; motivate, explain and do you agree are Level 4 and demand words with a figure as evidence. Unfamiliar contexts occur only in Questions 4 and 5.

IN THE EXAM
  • Underline the verb of every sub-question before you write.
  • Let the mark allocation tell you how many steps or ideas are expected.
  • On Level 4, open with "Yes, because" or "No, because", never with a sum alone.
  • On "show that", write every substitution, because the final answer is already given.
  • An unfamiliar context in Question 4 or 5 always hides a familiar procedure: hunt for the tariff, the ratio or the percentage.
🔒 MARKING CODES
🔒 P1 QUESTION 1
🔒 P1 FINANCE
🔒 P1 DATA HANDLING
🔒 P1 PROBABILITY
🔒 P2 QUESTION 1
🔒

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